http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/34 2026-04-06T06:13:13Z 2026-04-06T06:13:13Z OLANIYI, Albert Ayodele http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2397 2025-11-10T10:55:36Z 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z

FEDERAL COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION COMMISSION’S ACTIVITIES AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION WITH PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA OLANIYI, Albert Ayodele The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) is a regulatory agency that protects Nigerians against unfair trade practices, spiralling prices, product adulteration, poor quality products and deceptive packaging. Despite its establishment, reports have shown that there is high concentration of fake drugs and widespread consumer complaints in Lagos State, Nigeria, which has made consumers vulnerable to exploitation and health hazards. Previous studies have focused on legal protection of consumer in some sub-sectors, consumer attitude to made-in Nigeria products, second-hand goods and Nigerian consumers, service marketing, consumerism in Nigeria and consumer rights; without examining the FCCPC activities as determinants of consumer satisfaction (CS) with pharmaceutical products. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the FCCPC activities: Elimination of Hazardous Products-EHP, Response to Consumer Complaints-RCC, Adequate Information-AI, Consumer Rights Abuses Redress-CRAR and Standard of Products and Services Enforcement-SPSE) as determinants of CS in Lagos State during the period 2012 to 2018. Three-Factor and Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm theories provided the anchor, while the mixed methods design was adopted. Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) (Ikeja, Kosofe and Ikorodu) with evidence of prevalence of counterfeit drugs were purposively selected from the existing three senatorial districts: Lagos West, Lagos Central and Lagos East, respectively. Six communities (two per LGA) were randomly selected. Twelve pharmaceutical stores (two per community) were randomly selected. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 1202 consenting customers who patronised the 12 stores. The instruments used were FCCPC activities scales: EHP (α=0.76), RCC (α=0.77), AI (α=0.78), CRAR (α=0.81) and SPS (α=080); and CS Questionnaire (r=0.89). Three sessions of key informant and 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with FCCPC staff and consumers, respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance, while qualitative data were content-analysed. Consumers were mostly married (58.1%) and aged 41.2±4.5 years, while majority (63.4%) had first degrees and 59.4% were Christians. Twenty-one percent of complaints received by the commission between 2012 and 2018 were attended to. EHP (r=0.17), RCC (r=0.21), AI (r=0.22), CRAR (r=0.23) and SPS (r=0.17) correlated significantly with CS. The FCCPC activities had significant joint contribution to CS (F(5;1196)=18.28; Adj. R2=.067), accounting for 6.7% of its variance. The CRAR (β=0.13) and AI (β=0.11) had significant relative contributions to CS, while EHP, RCC and SPSE did not. The FCCPC modes of operation were not satisfactory owing to paucity of funds, lack of necessary materials, and insufficiency and non-accessibility of FCCPC staff. Consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical products was influenced by consumer rights abuses redress and adequate information activities of Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission in Lagos State, Nigeria. The Commission should take cognisance of these factors in sustaining consumer satisfaction. To achieve this, there is need for regular recruitment and staff training.

2023-10-01T00:00:00Z AMUSAN, Timothy Adewale http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2274 2024-05-23T10:21:11Z 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z

DETERMINANTS OF CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA AMUSAN, Timothy Adewale Community development is a global adopted concept for improving the quality of life of residents in a locality. Several reports have identified education as the most important component of this approach as it ensures learnipng to become responsible citizen members and building strong society and emotional skills. However, reports have shown that citizens‘ mobilisation and engagement towards the development of their communities have been on the decline in Osun State, Nigeria. Previous studies concentrated more on governmental, nongovernmental and international agencies‘ interventions which is more of top-down approach than on Citizens‘ Participation (CP) that is bottom-top approach. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the determinants of CP (leadership style, members‘ attitude to community projects, educational background, gender-related cultural issues, socio-economic status and projects‘ location) and Community Development Projects (CDPs) in Osun State, Nigeria. This study was anchored to the Ladder of CP Theory, while the mixed methods design was adopted. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected from each of the existing senatorial districts, while 10 registered Community Development Associations (CDAs) were purposively selected from each LGA. Two hundred CDA members were randomly selected from the selected LGAs, totalling 1, 200 members. The instruments used were CP (r=0.86), Leadership Style (r=0.75), Gender-related Cultural Issues (r=0.76), Attitude to CDPs (r=0.75), Project Location (r=0.77) and CP Challenges (r=0.78) questionnaires. Six sessions of focus group discussion were conducted with four CDA executive per LGA, while 12 Community Development Inspectors (CDIs) were interviewed. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson‘sproduct moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance, while qualitative data were content-analysed. The respondents‘ mean age was 43.56±3.20 years and 56.0% were male. The CDAs‘ meetings (69.4%), community meetings (66.7%), landlord associations (56.9%), town crier (56.9%) and religious organisations (55.6%) were major platforms for citizens‘ mobilisation. Leadership style ( ̅=3.75), socio-economic status ( ̅=3.07), educational background ( ̅=2.85), Genderrelated Cultural Issues ( ̅=3.11), attitude to CDPs ( ̅=2.79), projects location ( ̅=3.19) and CP in community development ( ̅=3.29) were high against the 2.50 threshold. Leadership style (r=0.19), projects location (r=0.15) and socio-economic status (r=0.10) had the positive significant relationships with CDPs, while citizens‘ attitude (r=-0.01) had a negative significant relationship. There was a joint contribution of the determinants of CP in CDPs (F(6; 920)=8.63; Adj R2=0.05), accounting for 5.0% of its variance. Leadership style (β=0.15), project location (β=0.12) and attitude to CDPs (β=0.11) relatively contributed to CP. About 51.0% of the respondents complained about the time of meeting, and meeting days which often fall on market days, lack of trust on the part of the members of the executive and lack of resource for mobilisation hindered CP. The CDIs acceded to the fact that logistics, funds and projects‘ site hindered CP. Leadership style, projects‘ location and attitude to community development projects determined citizens‘ participation in community development projects in Osun State, Nigeria. Government at various levels, policy makers and implementers, and community development agencies should support citizens‘ optimum participations in community development projects using the bottom-top approach.

2023-11-01T00:00:00Z HASSAN, Olufunke Olayemi http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2272 2024-05-23T09:03:53Z 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z

SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTIVENESS AS PREDICTORS OF EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF THE ELDERLY IN IBADAN, NIGERIA HASSAN, Olufunke Olayemi Emotional well-being, an individual‟s subjective feelings of happiness, satisfied social relationships and self-contentment, is necessary for successful ageing. However, reports have shown that the emotional well-being (EWb) among many elderly people is poor in Ibadan, Nigeria. Previous studies focused more on psychological intervention to improve EWb of adults than on prediction of EWb of the elderly people. This study, therefore, was designed to examine Social Connectedness SC (Social Integration- SI, Social NetworkingSN and Social Supports- SS) and Psychological Adaptiveness (PA: Copping EfficacyCE, self-esteem, religiosity and Quality of Life- QoL) as predictors of EWb of the elderly in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. The Havighurst, Fredrickson and Namaba Ageing theories served as the framework, while the mixed methods design was adopted. The five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ibadan were enumerated and 35 wards (7 per Local Government) were randomly selected. The WHO 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique was adopted to select 30 elderly persons aged (60 years and above) in each selected ward (but a total of 987 elders finally participated). The Instruments used were EWb (α=0.89), SI (α=0.89), SN (α=0.87), SS (α=0.76), CE (α=0.89), Self-esteem (α=0.82), QoL (α=0.92) and Religiosity (α=0.84) scales. Indepth interviews were held with 10 elderly persons (2 per local government). Quantitative data were analysed using t-test, Pearson product moment correlation and Multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance, while qualitative data were contentanalysed. Majority of the participants (54.8%) were female; 61.3% were married; those with perceived good health status were 57.8% while 93.8% were of high religiosity. Their EWb ( = 2.6) was positive against the threshold of 2.5. The SS (r =0.39), QoL (r=0.36), SN (r=0.30), SI (r=0.26), self-esteem (r=0.25), CE (r=0.21) and religiosity (r=0.19) had significant correlations with EWb of the elderly. There was a significant joint contribution of SC and PA on EWb (F(7; 979)=37.21; Adj. R2=.021), accounting for 20.1% of its variance. The QoL (β=0.33), SS (β=0.29), SN (β=0.19) and SI (β=0.08) had relative contributions to the EWb of the elderly, while CE, self-esteem and religiosity had none. Most of the elderly relied more on their children and relatives for rendering supports and survival. Financial, health status, delayed pension, lack of social security, over reliance on children and emotional challenges were reported the major risk factors of low EWb among the elderly. Emotional well-being of the elderly in Ibadan metropolis was influenced by quality of life, social supports, social networking and social integration. These factors should be considered to improve emotional well-being of the elderly.

2023-10-01T00:00:00Z OJEDOKUN, Foluke http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2270 2024-05-23T08:45:10Z 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z

CONFLICT RESOLUTION THERAPY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF TRADE UNION LEADERS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN IBADAN AND IKEJA, NIGERIA OJEDOKUN, Foluke The h.osp.i.tali.ty indu.stry in Nig.e.ri.a is fast gro.wing wi.th gre.at pote.nti.al.s. H.o.weve.r, the.re is anec.dotal evid.e.nce that the inces.sant indu.stri.al ac.ti.ons in the sub-sec.to.r have negatively impac.ted i.ts g.e.ne.ral pe.rfo.rmance and econ.om.ic pote.nti.al.s. Th.is tre.nd is attrib.uted partly to the inabili.ty of the Trad.e Uni.on Le.ad.e.rs (TUL.s) to effec.tively manag.e the occu.rring conflic.ts, thu.s, ra.ising conce.rns fo.r the ne.ed to incul.cate bette.r Conflic.ts Manag.eme.nt Skill.s (CsMS.s) in the TUL.s. Previ.o.u.s studi.es have focu.sed mo.re on le.ad.e.rsh.ip, pe.rsonal, o.rganisati.onal and e.nvironme.ntal fac.to.rs than on the.rape.utic tra.ining that co.uld e.nhance the CsMS.s of TUL.s. Th.is study was the.refo.re, d.esigned to d.ete.rm.ine effec.ts of Conflic.t Resoluti.on The.rapy (CRT) on the CsMS.s of TUL.s in the h.osp.i.tali.ty indu.stry in Ibadan and Ikeja, Nig.e.ri.a. The mod.e.rating effec.ts of g.e.nd.e.r and educati.onal atta.inme.nt we.re al.so exam.ined. The Plu.ralist The.o.ry was u.sed as the anch.o.r, wh.ile the m.ixed-meth.ods of su.rvey and qu.asi expe.rime.ntal d.esigns we.re adopted. Two func.ti.onal branch uni.ons of Nati.onal Uni.on of H.otel and Pe.rsonal Se.rvices Wo.rke.rs we.re pu.rposively selec.ted and as.signed to CRT (Prem.i.e.r H.otel, Ibadan) and control (She.raton H.otel, Lagos) gro.ups. Two-intac.t (2015 and 2017) Branch Wo.rking Comm.i.tte.es (BWCs) we.re adopted as partic.ipants in e.ach c.i.ty (CRT - 16; control - 14), wh.ile the tre.atme.nt lasted e.ight we.eks. The instrume.nts u.sed we.re Conflic.ts Manag.eme.nt Skill.s (r=0.78) and Conflic.ts Manag.eme.nt Style (r=0.82) scales, and CRT Gu.id.e. Focus Group Discussion was conduc.ted wi.th 11 TUL.s. Qu.anti.tative data we.re subjec.ted to d.escriptive statistics, Analysis of covari.ance and Scheffe post-h.oc test at 0.05 level of significance, wh.ile qu.ali.tative data we.re conte.nt-analysed. The partic.ipants’ ag.e was 50±7.5 ye.ars, wh.ile most of them (73.3%) we.re male; 43.3% we.re marri.ed, and majo.ri.ty (60.00%) we.re h.old.e.rs of OND/NCE ce.rtificates. The adopted conflic.t manag.eme.nt styles we.re competing (20.7%), avo.iding (20.4%), collabo.rating (20.3%), accommodating (19.8%) and comprom.ising (18.8%). The.re was a significant ma.in effec.t of tre.atme.nt on TUL.s’ CsMS.s (F(1;29)=7.12; η2=0.26). The partic.ipants in the tre.atme.nt gro.up had a h.ighe.r post-tre.atme.nt me.an sco.re (x ̅=62.92) than th.ose in the control (x ̅=44.69). The.re was a significant ma.in effec.t of educati.onal atta.inme.nt on TUL.s’ CsMS.s (F(2;29)=0.84; η2=0.07), wh.ile the ma.in effec.t of g.e.nd.e.r was n.ot significant. Partic.ipants wi.th h.igh educati.onal atta.inme.nt had a bette.r post-tre.atme.nt me.an sco.re (x ̅=32.65) than th.ose wi.th lo.w qu.alificati.ons (x ̅=25.29). The two-way inte.rac.ti.on effec.t of tre.atme.nt and educati.onal atta.inme.nt was significant (F(1;29)=1.11; η2=0 .05), wh.ile the two-way inte.rac.ti.on effec.ts of tre.atme.nt and g.e.nd.e.r, and g.e.nd.e.r and educati.onal atta.inme.nt we.re n.ot significant. The thre.e-way inte.rac.ti.on effec.t was significant (F(1;29)=1.61; parti.al η2=0.07). The TUL.s we.re reluc.tant in adopting comprom.ising style, o.wing to a long dom.inance of the manag.eme.nt, based on the beli.ef that manag.eme.nt we.re obstacles to conflic.t resoluti.on. Conflic.t resoluti.on the.rapy e.nhanced the conflic.ts manag.eme.nt skill.s of trad.e uni.on le.ad.e.rs in h.osp.i.tali.ty indu.stry in Ibadan and Ikeja c.i.ti.es, Nig.e.ri.a. The.refo.re, trad.e uni.on le.ad.e.rs sh.o.uld adopt th.is the.rapy to improve the.ir manag.eme.nt skill.s, particularly th.ose wi.th lo.w level of educati.on.

2023-08-01T00:00:00Z